Gukata Impande: Uburyo bwo gusya ibiti bigezweho byahinduye gutunganya ibikoresho

Gukata ibiti ni ibikoresho byabugenewe byo gutema, gushushanya, cyangwa kuvana ibikoresho mu biti ukoresheje kuzunguruka. Bomeka kumashini isya, router, cyangwa sisitemu ya CNC (Computer Numerical Control) sisitemu, ikoresha impande zisharira hamwe na geometrike idasanzwe kugirango ikore imirimo nko gushushanya, gutobora, dadoing, hamwe na kontouring. Kuva kumurongo woroheje ugororotse kugeza kumurongo wa 3D ishushanyije, ibyo gukata birahinduka bihagije kugirango bikore ibintu byinshi byo gukora ibiti.

Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ibiti byo gusya

1. Ibikoresho

Ibikoresho byo gusya inkwi bigira ingaruka ku buryo burambye, bikarishye, n'imikorere. Ibikoresho bikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Ibyuma byihuta cyane (HSS): Byoroshye kandi bihindagurika, gukata HSS nibyiza kubiti byoroshye no gukoresha rimwe na rimwe. Zigumana ubukana kumuvuduko uringaniye kandi byoroshye gukarisha.

• Carbide-Tipi: Utwo dukata dufite umubiri wibyuma winjizamo karbide (tungsten carbide) kumpera. Carbide irakomeye kandi irwanya ubushyuhe kurusha HSS, bigatuma ikora neza kubiti, pani, hamwe nubuso bwinshi. Bimara inshuro 5-10 kurenza HSS.

• Carbide ikomeye: Kubikorwa byuzuye nibikoresho bikomeye cyane (nkibiti bidasanzwe bya exotic), ibyuma bya karbide bikomeye bitanga ubukana budasanzwe kandi bikambara birwanya imbaraga, nubwo byoroshye kandi bihenze.

2. Gukata Geometrie

Imiterere nigishushanyo cyumukata bigena imikorere yacyo:

• Gukata neza: Byakoreshejwe mugukora hejuru, ibinono, cyangwa dados. Bafite guca bugororotse kandi baraboneka mubugari butandukanye.

• Inzira ya Bits: Shyiramo imyirondoro nka kuzenguruka, chamfer, na ogee, byashizweho kugirango bibe impande cyangwa gukora ibisobanuro birambuye.

• Imashini zanyuma: Ibiranga guca impande kumpera no kumpande, bikwiranye no gushushanya 3D, gushushanya, no gushushanya mumashini ya CNC.

• Gukata Spiral: Kuzenguruka muburyo bwa spiral, kugabanya kurira no gutanga umusaruro woroshye-byiza kubiti bikomeye.

3. Ingano ya Shank

Shank nigice kitagabanya gifata imashini. Ingano isanzwe irimo ¼ santimetero, ½ santimetero, na ⅜ santimetero ya router, mugihe imashini za CNC zikoresha shanki nini (urugero, 10mm cyangwa 12mm) kugirango ituze mugihe cyihuta. Guhuza ingano ya shank na mashini yawe byemeza neza kandi bigabanya kunyeganyega.

Amakuru ya tekiniki: Uburyo bwo gutema ibiti bikora

1. Gukata Umuvuduko no Kugaburira Igipimo

• Umuvuduko wo Gukata: Gupimwa ibirenge kumunota (FPM), bivuga uburyo inkombe yihuta igenda yambukiranya inkwi. Ibiti byoroshye (urugero, pinusi) bisaba umuvuduko muke (1.000.000.000 FPM), mugihe ibiti bikomeye (urugero, igiti) bikenera umuvuduko mwinshi (3000-6,000 FPM) kugirango wirinde gutwikwa.

• Igipimo cyo kugaburira: Umuvuduko inkwi zigaburirwa mu gutema (santimetero kumunota, IPM). Igipimo cyo kugaburira gahoro kubikoresho bikomeye bituma kugabanuka neza, mugihe ibiciro byihuse bikora kubiti byoroshye. Carbide ikata irashobora kugaburira ibiryo birenze HSS bitewe nubushyuhe bwabyo.

2. Umubare w'imyironge

Imyironge ni ibinono byemerera chip guhunga. Gukata bifite imyironge mike (2–3) ikuraho ibintu vuba, bikabigira byiza cyane. Imyironge myinshi (4-6) itanga umusaruro mwiza mugabanya ingano ya chip - nibyiza kubikorwa birambuye.

3. Inguni ya Helix

Inguni y'umwironge ugereranije n'umutemeri ukata bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya chip no gukata. Inguni ntoya ya helix (10–20 °) itanga urumuri rwinshi kubikoresho bikomeye, mugihe impande ndende ya helix (30-45 °) ituma gukata vuba no kurangiza neza mumashyamba yoroshye.

Ibyiza byo gukoresha ibiti byiza byo gusya

1. Ubusobanuro bwuzuye

Gukata neza cyane, cyane cyane karbide-yerekana cyangwa CNC yihariye, itanga kwihanganira gukomeye (kugeza kuri santimetero 0.001), itanga ibisubizo bihamye kubufatanye, gufunga, no gushushanya bigoye. Ubu busobanuro nibyingenzi mubikorwa byumwuga aho bikwiye kandi bikarangiza ibintu.

2. Kuramba no kuramba

Imashini ya Carbide irwanya kwambara nubushyuhe, kurenza HSS ikata imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa cyane. Ibi bigabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi, kuzigama igihe namafaranga mugihe kirekire.

3. Guhindura byinshi

Hamwe nuburyo butandukanye nubunini, ibiti byo gusya inkwi bihuza nimirimo itandukanye: kuva kurema dado yoroshye kububiko kugeza kubumba amashusho yindabyo zikomeye mubikoresho. Gukata spiral na compression ndetse bikora kubikoresho byoroshye nka MDF na pani nta gutanyagura.

4. Gukora neza

Gukata kijyambere, nkibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa imyironge myinshi, bigabanya igihe cyo gukuraho ibintu byihuse no kugabanya imyanda. Barasaba kandi umucanga muke nyuma, gutunganya akazi.

5. Umutekano

Gufata neza, gukata gukata bigabanya kunyeganyega no gusubira inyuma, bigatuma bikoreshwa neza. Ku rundi ruhande, gukata nabi, bishobora gutera imashini guhambira, bikongera ibyago byimpanuka.

Guhitamo Igiti Cyibiti Cyibiti Cyumushinga wawe

• Ibikoresho: Koresha HSS kubiti byoroshye no gukoresha rimwe na rimwe; karbide-yerekana ibiti bikomeye, pani, cyangwa amajwi menshi.

• Inshingano: Gukata neza kumashanyarazi, bits ya router kumpande, urusyo rwanyuma kubikorwa bya 3D.

• Imashini: Huza ingano ya shank na router yawe cyangwa imashini ya CNC.

• Kurangiza: Gukata spiral cyangwa imyironge myinshi kugirango ibisubizo byoroshye; imyironge mike yo gutontoma.